ACCIDENTS:
1) Accident incident rate : Meaning – Explain
Number of accidents / incidents per thousand employees.
= Total incident / Accident * 1000
2) Record should be maintained – Why ? Explain
Legal requirements (RIDDOR & BI 510)
Identifying the trends.
Insurance
3) Cause of accident & cause of an injury –Difference Explain
Immediate & root causes of undesired events.
4) Above difference is importance to investigate the accident – Why
(Accident causation theory & need to develop & need to develop investigation procedures to identify root causes).
5) Reference to RIDDOR 1995
A) List four types of major injury
1) Fractures
2) Amputations
3) Particular eye injuries requiring immediate medical treatment
4) Loss of consciousness due to electric shock or exposure to a substance
5) Injury requiring hospital admission for more than 24 hours.
B) Outline procedure of Reporting to Enforcement Authority
Notified to enforcement authority by the quickest possible means (normally telephone fax) & then on Form 2508 within 10 days of the accident.
6) Major injury (notifiable injury): Explain 2 examples (What is meant by?)
(Knowledge of RIDDOR 1985)
7) Outline the Legal requirements for reporting a major injury (notifiable injury).
8) Reasons for reporting accidents at work.
Monitoring of accident data analysis & Identification of trends. (H & S Performance).
Legal requirement under RIDDOR 1985
The provision of information based to accident investigation & to help in civil claims
It provides essential information for reviewing risk assessment and achieving better control over accidents.
Benefits to individual organization and on a national scale.
Preventing a recurrence & reducing losses.
9) Accident Investigation – 4 objectives
To establish all the causes of an accident (immediate & underlying) to take preventive action.
To determine economic losses to establish true cost to the organization.
To determine the compliance with the law.
To improve staff relation by demonstration commitment of H & S, thus increasing staff moral.
10) Outline the factors that should be considered before undertaking an investigation of an accident.
Planning and preparation stages:
Determine who should be involved to give the team the necessary skill and expertise.
Ensure that accident scene is left unaltered (as long as it is safe to do so) etc.
Identifying the persons (witness, supervisors) to be interviewed during the investigation.
Checking the legal reporting requirements have been met.
Ascertaining the equipment that will be needed (e.g measuring tape, plans, camera).
The reports style formal / informal who is going to receive it. The depth of the investigation required usually determined by a number of factor e.g the seriousness of the accident, number of people involved etc.
11) Outline the reason for reporting accidents at work.
To implement initial controls.
As a trigger for investigation.
To prevent a recurrence and further injuries and losses.
To comply with a legal requirements.
To provide information for Civil action.
To highlight the need for and to assist in reviews of risk assessment.
To provide data for used in the monitoring of safety performance.
12) Permit to Work: Explain the practical measures that should be taken to ensure maintenance work is undertaken safely in an underground storage vessel.
Essential elements of permit to work system ( briefly)
Pre cleaning.
Testing
Emergency procedures/ precautions.
Lighting
Access & Training.
13) Explain the meaning of term,
Safe system of work:
Integration of people equipment, material and environment to produce an acceptable level of Safety.
Describe the enforcement action that could be taken when safe system of work has not been implemented.
Improvement notices.
Prohibition notices.
14) Describe the practical measures that must be taken to ensure maintenance work is undertaken safely in an underground storage vessel.
Permit to work procedure.
Pre cleaning / purging
Atmospheric testing
Competent personnel
Suitable tools.
Adequate lighting
Appropriate PPE
Communication system
Emergency arrangement for safe evacuation of staff.
15) Define the term Permit to Work
“A formal documented control system applied to a high risk activity to ensure that all safety procedures are carried out”.
16) Outline three practical situations that may require a permit.
Confined space work
Work on high voltage electrical systems
Maintenance on dangerous plant and hot work
17) Signs and signals: Describe with the aid of sketches, 4 different kinds of safety signs that may be displayed in the work place.
Prohibition signs
Warning signs
Mandatory signs
Emergency exit OR First aid
18) Risk Management:
Explain the meaning of term “Safe System of Work”.
“Integration of people, equipment, materials & environment to produce an acceptable level of safety”.
What factors should be considered when designing a safe system of work?
Hazards, who, when, where, how, prevention, documentation & risk assessment , JSA.
19) Explain the meaning of term,
a) ‘Hazard’.
“Something with the potential to cause harm”.
b) Outline techniques for identifying hazards in the workplace.
Inspections/ tours
Audits
Accident analysis
Hazop
JSA
20) a) Outline the duties placed on employees under the Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992.
Avoiding manual handling operations wherever possible. (R-4).
Conducting suitable & sufficient assessment of the tasks.
Taking steps to reduce the risk of injury to the lowest level reasonably practicable.
Providing information to employees on the weight & weight distribution of the load.
Reviewing assessments as necessary.
b) Describe the four factors that should be considered when making assessment of manual handling operations.
The task.
The load.
The environment.
The individual.
Task:- the distance of the load from the trunk, body movements & posture required.
E.g. twisting, stooping, stretching, excessive carrying, excessive pulling, pushing & the work rate imposed by the process.
Load:- Its weight, bulkiness, stability, sharpness, temperature and the ease with which it can be grasped.
Environment:- Ambient temperature, floor conditions, space & lighting.
Individual:- Suitable & sufficient assessment of individual by looking at physical capabilities, health (e.g. fitness, pregnancies) & the requirement for social information & training.